This exceptional preservation allowed scientists to study its anatomy in unprecedented detail.

Juveline woolly rhino

Woolly rhinos were large, shaggy animals with two horns that lived in Eurasia during the Pleistocene. These creatures are scientifically known as Coelodonta antiquitatis. 

Woolly rhinos lived alongside woolly mammoths during the Ice Age. These were the second-largest animals in their ecosystem, surpassed only by their tusked counterparts (proboscidean coevals).

In this new study, one of the most fascinating discoveries was the rhino’s youthful age. Its short, light-colored hair indicated that it was only a young animal when it died, roughly around 4.5 years old.

“In this study we describe a newly found frozen mummy of a young woolly rhinoceros (4–4.5 years old), dated to the Karginian Interstadial of the Late Neopleistocene (32 440 ± 140 years ago),” the researchers wrote in the study paper. 

Perhaps the most surprising find was a fatty hump on the rhino’s back. This “anatomical peculiarity” had never been seen before in woolly rhinoceroses. 

The presence of similar fatty deposits in woolly mammoths suggests that they may have served a similar purpose, such as insulation or energy storage.

As per the study, the analysis of the rhino’s wool revealed traces of water fleas or tiny parasitic crustaceans that are extinct in the area. 

“Numerous remains of microscopic crustaceans were found in the wool, including representatives of the genus Moina (Cladocera: Moinidae), currently absent in the region,” the study noted. 

Rare specimen

Woolly rhinos were plant-eating mammals that inhabited the northern parts of Eurasia, especially Siberia, for millions of years until their extinction around 10,000 years ago.

These were once a common sight in the northern regions of Eurasia. They roamed the icy landscapes alongside mammoths, wolves, and cave lions. Despite their abundance, only a handful of well-preserved specimens have been found.

As per IFL science, only six preserved specimens have been unearthed in the Sakha Republic since the late 18th century. The most recent of which was discovered in the Oymyakonsky District. This makes the newly found specimen exceptionally rare.

With the rising temperatures, more and more of these ancient creatures are being revealed by thawing permafrost. Unfortunately, time is of the essence. Once the remains are exposed to the elements, these delicate specimens deteriorate rapidly.

A study released last year suggests that the fossilized droppings of cave hyenas can provide additional insights into the extinct woolly rhinoceros. This helped scientists study the genome of the European woolly rhino.

The findings have been reported in the journal Doklady Earth Sciences.